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Date
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Action
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April 3, 1991
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U.N. Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), Section
C, declares that Iraq shall accept unconditionally,
under international supervision, the "destruction,
removal or rendering harmless" of its weapons of mass
destruction and ballistic missiles with a range over
150 kilometers (emphasis added). One week
later, Iraq accepts Resolution 687. Its provisions
were reiterated and reinforced in subsequent action by
the United Nations in June and August of 1991.
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May 1991
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Iraq accepts the privileges and immunities of the
Special Commission (UNSCOM) and its personnel. These
guarantees include the right of "unrestricted
freedom of entry and exit without delay or hindrance
of its personnel, property, supplies, equipment ...
(emphasis added)."
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June 1991
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Iraqi personnel fire warning shots to prevent the
inspectors from approaching the vehicles.
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September 1991
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Iraqi officials confiscate documents from the
inspectors. The inspectors refuse to yield a second
set of documents. In response, Iraq refuses to allow
the team to leave the site with these documents. A
four-day standoff ensues, but Iraq permits the team to
leave with the documents after a statement from the
Security Council threatens enforcement actions.
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October 11, 1991
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The Security Council adopts Resolution 715, which
approves joint UNSCOM and IAEA plans for ongoing
monitoring and verification. UNSCOMs plan establishes
that Iraq shall "accept unconditionally the
inspectors and all other personnel designated by the
Special Commission" (emphasis added).
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October 1991
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Iraq states that it considers the Ongoing Monitoring
and Verification Plans adopted by Resolution 715 to be
unlawful and states that it is not ready to comply
with Resolution 715.
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February 1992
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Iraq refuses to comply with an UNSCOM/IAEA decision to
destroy certain facilities used in proscribed programs
and related items.
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April 1992
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Iraq calls for a halt to UNSCOM's aerial surveillance
flights, stating that the aircraft and its pilot might
be endangered. The President of the Security Council
issues a statement reaffirming UNSCOM's right to
conduct such flights. Iraq says that it does not
intend to carry out any military action aimed at
UNSCOM's aerial flights.
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July 6-29, 1992
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Iraq refuses an inspection team access to the Iraqi
Ministry of Agriculture. UNSCOM said it had reliable
information that the site contained archives related
to proscribed activities. Inspectors gained access
only after members of the Council threatened
enforcement action.
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January 1993
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Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM to use its own aircraft
to fly into Iraq.
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June-July 1993
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Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM inspectors to install
remote-controlled monitoring cameras at two missile
engine test stands.
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November 26, 1993
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Iraq accepts Resolution 715 and the plans for ongoing
monitoring and verification.
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October 15, 1994
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The Security Council adopts Resolution 949, which
demands that Iraq "cooperate fully" with UNSCOM
and that it withdraw all military units deployed to
southern Iraq to their original positions (emphasis
added). Iraq withdraws its forces and resumes
working with UNSCOM.
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March 1996
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Iraqi security forces refuse UNSCOM teams access to
five sites designated for inspection. The teams enter
the sites after delays of up to 17 hours.
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March 19, 1996
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The Security Council issues a presidential statement
expressing its concern over Iraq's behavior, which it
terms "a clear violation of Iraq's obligations under
relevant resolutions." The council also demands that
Iraq allow UNSCOM teams immediate, unconditional
and unrestricted access to all sites designated for
inspection (emphasis added).
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March 27, 1996
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Security Council Resolution 1051 approves the
export/import monitoring mechanism for Iraq and
demands that Iraq meet unconditionally all its
obligations under the mechanism and cooperate fully
with the Special Commission and the director-general
of the IAEA (emphasis added).
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June 1996
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Iraq denies UNSCOM teams access to sites under
investigation for their involvement in the
"concealment mechanism" for proscribed items.
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June 12, 1996
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The Security Council adopts Resolution 1060, which
terms Iraq's actions a clear violation of the
provisions of the council's earlier resolutions. It
also demands that Iraq grant "immediate and
unrestricted access" to all sites designated for
inspection by UNSCOM (emphasis added).
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June 13, 1996
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Despite the adoption of Resolution 1060, Iraq again
denies access to another inspection team.
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November 1996
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Iraq blocks UNSCOM from removing remnants of missile
engines for in-depth analysis outside Iraq.
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June 1997
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Iraqi escorts on board an UNSCOM helicopter try to
physically prevent the UNSCOM pilot from flying the
helicopter in the direction of its intended
destination.
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June 21, 1997
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Iraq again blocks UNSCOM teams from entering certain
sites for inspection.
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June 21, 1997
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The Security Council adopts Resolution 1115, which
condemns Iraq's actions and demands that Iraq allow
UNSCOM's team immediate, unconditional and
unrestricted access to any sites for inspection and
officials for interviews (emphasis added).
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September 13, 1997
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An Iraqi officer attacks an UNSCOM inspector on board
an UNSCOM helicopter while the inspector was
attempting to take photographs of unauthorized
movement of Iraqi vehicles inside a site designated
for inspection.
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September 17, 1997
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While seeking access to a site declared by Iraq to be
"sensitive," UNSCOM inspectors witness and videotape
Iraqi guards moving files, burning documents, and
dumping ash-filled waste cans into a nearby river.
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November 12, 1997
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The Security Council adopts Resolution 1137,
condemning Iraq for continually violating its
obligations, including its decision to seek to
impose conditions on cooperation with UNSCOM
(emphasis added). The resolution also imposes a
travel restriction on Iraqi officials who are
responsible for or participated in instances of
non-compliance.
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November 3, 1997
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Iraq demands that US citizens working for UNSCOM leave
Iraq immediately.
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December 22, 1997
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The Security Council issues a statement calling upon
the government of Iraq to cooperate fully with the
commission and stresses that failure by Iraq to
provide immediate, unconditional and
unrestricted access to any site is an unacceptable and
clear violation of Security Council resolutions
(emphasis added)
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February 20-23, 1998
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Iraq signs a Memorandum of Understanding with the
United Nations on February 23, 1998. Iraq pledges to
accept all relevant Security Council resolutions, to
cooperate fully with UNSCOM and the IAEA, and to grant
to UNSCOM and the IAEA "immediate, unconditional
and unrestricted access for their inspections
(emphasis added).
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August 5, 1998
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The Revolutionary Command Council and the Baath Party
Command decide to stop cooperating with UNSCOM and the
IAEA until the Security Council agrees to lift the oil
embargo as a first step towards ending sanctions.
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